José Ruiz-MezaKaren Meza-PeraltaJairo R. Montoya-TorresJesusGonzalez-Feliu2024-10-152024-10-152021-10Ruiz-Meza, J.; Meza-Peralta, K.; Montoya-Torres, J.R.; Gonzalez-Feliu, J. Location of Urban Logistics Spaces (ULS) for Two-Echelon Distribution Systems. Axioms 2021, 10, 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10030214https://repositorio.cecar.edu.co/handle/cecar/10331The main concern in city logistics is the need to optimize the movement of goods in urban contexts, and to minimize the multiple costs inherent in logistics operations. Inspired by an application in a medium-sized city in Latin America, this paper develops a bi-objective mixed linear integer programming (MILP) model to locate different types of urban logistics spaces (ULS) for the configuration of a two-echelon urban distribution system. The objective functions seek to minimize the costs associated with distance traveled and relocation, in addition to the costs of violation of time windows. This model considers heterogeneous transport, speed assignment, and time windows. For experimental evaluation, two operational scenarios are considered, and Pareto frontiers are obtained to identify the efficient non-dominated solutions to select the most feasible ones from such a set. A case study of a distribution company of goods for supermarkets in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, is also used to validate the proposed model. These solutions allow decision-makers to define the configuration of ULS networks for urban product delivery.21application/pdfengCopyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingenieríaUrban Logistics Spacesdistribution systemsInforme de investigaciónAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10030214info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLOCATIONUrban Logistics Spacestwo-echelon distribution systemslocationmixed-integer linear programmingmulti-objectivecase studyhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2